Coolscript - User contributions [en]

Main Page

2026-09-12T17:13:01Z

Admin:

'''Welcome to Coolscript'''

{| style="width: 100%;"
|style="width:100%; vertical-align: top;"|

These are just a few scripts which you may use for your IT-System purposes. This site is almost new and more scripts will follow soon.

{|
| Logrotation and file archive management script: || '''[[Logd]]'''
|-
| Eventlog to Firewall script for Windows 2008: || '''[[Eventlog to Firewall]]'''
|-
| Syslog to Firewall script for Linux: || '''[[Syslog_to_Firewall]]'''
|-
| Scheduled Task for Windows: || '''[[Scheduled Task for Windows]]'''
|-
| Spamassassin Plugin for Geo purposes: || '''[[GeoMailSearch]]'''
|-
| Raspberry Projects || '''[[RaspberryProjects]]'''
|-
| PSAD to Iptables: || '''[[psad2ipt]]'''
|-
| Icinga2 Web Interface for Smartphones || '''[[i2Mobile]]'''
|-
| Backup Hyper-V Disk || '''[[Backup Virtual-Hard-Disk]]'''
|-
| HCP || '''[[HTTP_Copy]]'''
|-
| Fail to NFT || '''[[Fail2nft]]'''
|-
| Easy DynDNS with Cloudflare || '''[[Cfddns]]'''
|-
| OpenVPN automation: || '''[[OpenVPN_Rapid_Installer]]'''
|-
| Prometheus Custom Monitoring Stack: || '''[[Custom Monitoring Stack]]'''
|-
| Grafana Mobile Alert Dashboard: || '''[[Grafana Mobile Alert Dashboard]]'''
|-
|}
|style="width:40%; vertical-align: top;"|
[[image:script-image-main.png|600px|left]]
|}

=My other sites which might be useful=
{|
| About IP v4/v6 and locations to lat/lon: || https://coolgeo.net
|-
| About IP v4/v6, lat/lon to json: || https://api.coolgeo.net
|-
| The Coolgeo XML API Wiki: || https://wiki.coolgeo.net
|-
| The Coolgeo Json API Wiki: || https://wiki.api.coolgeo.net
|-
| The Coolgeo Mobile view: || http://m.coolgeo.net
|-
| Another password creator || https://password.coolscript.net
|-
| Analyze your mail header: || https://mailheader.org (offline)
|-
| LinuxVirtualServer manager: || https://mylvs.coolscript.net
|-
|}

 

Questions, feedback or recommendations are welcome, drop me a mail to postmaster at coolscript.net.

Main Page

2026-09-12T17:05:16Z

Admin: /* My other sites which might be useful */

'''Welcome to Coolscript'''

{| style="width: 100%;"
|style="width:100%; vertical-align: top;"|

These are just a few scripts which you may use for your IT-System purposes. This site is almost new and more scripts will follow soon.

{|
| Logrotation and file archive management script: || '''[[Logd]]'''
|-
| Eventlog to Firewall script for Windows 2008: || '''[[Eventlog to Firewall]]'''
|-
| Syslog to Firewall script for Linux: || '''[[Syslog_to_Firewall]]'''
|-
| Scheduled Task for Windows: || '''[[Scheduled Task for Windows]]'''
|-
| Spamassassin Plugin for Geo purposes: || '''[[GeoMailSearch]]'''
|-
| Raspberry Projects || '''[[RaspberryProjects]]'''
|-
| PSAD to Iptables: || '''[[psad2ipt]]'''
|-
| Icinga2 Web Interface for Smartphones || '''[[i2Mobile]]'''
|-
| Backup Hyper-V Disk || '''[[Backup Virtual-Hard-Disk]]'''
|-
| HCP || '''[[HTTP_Copy]]'''
|-
| Fail to NFT || '''[[Fail2nft]]'''
|-
| Easy DynDNS with Cloudflare || '''[[Cfddns]]'''
|-
| OpenVPN automation: || '''[[OpenVPN_Rapid_Installer]]'''
|-
| Grafana Mobile Alert Dashboard: || '''[[Grafana Mobile Alert Dashboard]]'''
|-
|}
|style="width:40%; vertical-align: top;"|
[[image:script-image-main.png|600px|left]]
|}

=My other sites which might be useful=
{|
| About IP v4/v6 and locations to lat/lon: || https://coolgeo.net
|-
| About IP v4/v6, lat/lon to json: || https://api.coolgeo.net
|-
| The Coolgeo XML API Wiki: || https://wiki.coolgeo.net
|-
| The Coolgeo Json API Wiki: || https://wiki.api.coolgeo.net
|-
| The Coolgeo Mobile view: || http://m.coolgeo.net
|-
| Another password creator || https://password.coolscript.net
|-
| Analyze your mail header: || https://mailheader.org (offline)
|-
| LinuxVirtualServer manager: || https://mylvs.coolscript.net
|-
|}

 

Questions, feedback or recommendations are welcome, drop me a mail to postmaster at coolscript.net.

Main Page

2026-09-12T17:04:55Z

2026-02-28T16:59:13Z

2026-02-23T18:33:16Z

Admin:

'''The Motivation''' 
Running''' Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)''' on my local machine instead of
* Microsoft Terminal Server / Remote Desktop
* VMWare
* Proxmox (for now)
Try to use the Linux on board utilities only

==Setup==
===System Information===
vmadmin@ts01:~$ '''sudo -i'''
root@ts01:~# cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 25.10"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="25.10"
VERSION="25.10 (Questing Quokka)"
VERSION_CODENAME=questing
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=questing
LOGO=ubuntu-logo

===Install and setup packages===
root@ts01:~# '''apt install -y '''
'''qemu-kvm \'''
'''libvirt-daemon-system \'''
'''libvirt-clients \'''
'''bridge-utils \'''
'''virt-manager \'''
'''cpu-checker'''

====Libvirt (Orchestrator)====
*Enable
root@ts01:~# '''systemctl enable --now libvirtd'''
*Status
root@ts01:~# '''systemctl status libvirtd'''
● libvirtd.service - libvirt legacy monolithic daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-02-04 19:32:47 CET; 52min ago
Invocation: de3b4269f9074f69aef468813b833a4b
TriggeredBy: ● libvirtd.socket
● libvirtd-admin.socket
● libvirtd-ro.socket
Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
https://libvirt.org/
Main PID: 26280 (libvirtd)
Tasks: 25 (limit: 32768)
Memory: 24.1M (peak: 51M)
CPU: 9.655s
CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
├─26280 /usr/sbin/libvirtd --timeout 120
├─26388 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/lib/libvirt/libvirt_leaseshelper
└─26389 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/lib/libvirt/libvirt_leaseshelper

Feb 04 20:03:14 ts01 dnsmasq-dhcp[26388]: DHCPDISCOVER(virbr0) 52:54:00:2a:f9:66
Feb 04 20:03:14 ts01 dnsmasq-dhcp[26388]: DHCPOFFER(virbr0) 192.168.122.128 52:54:00:2a:f9:66root@ts01:~# kvm-ok

====Virsh (Controler)====
*List
root@ts01:~# '''virsh list --all'''
virsh list --all
Id Name State
--------------------------
*Node Info
root@ts01:~# virsh nodeinfo
CPU model: x86_64
CPU(s): 24
CPU frequency: 1197 MHz
CPU socket(s): 1
Core(s) per socket: 12
Thread(s) per core: 2
NUMA cell(s): 1
Memory size: 63375964 KiB
*Net List
root@ts01:~# virsh net-list --all
Name State Autostart Persistent
--------------------------------------------
default active yes yes

*Set Start
root@ts01:~# '''virsh net-start default'''
root@ts01:~# '''virsh net-autostart default'''

*Prepare for the first Debian Image
root@ts01:~# '''cp /home/admin/debian-13.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso /var/lib/libvirt/images'''
root@ts01:~# '''chmod 666 /var/lib/libvirt/images/debian-13.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso'''
root@ts01:~# #Do this only on a sandbox
root@ts01:~# '''chmod 777 /var/lib/libvirt/images'''

===Prepare KVM User===
*User admin:
vmadmin@ts01:~$ '''usermod -aG libvirt,kvm $USER'''
vmadmin@ts01:~$ '''sudo usermod -aG libvirt,kvm $USER'''
vmadmin@ts01:~$ '''less /etc/groups'''

*Optional start user admin in xrdp:
virt-manager

===Advanced - Bridging===

*advanced, make the vm bridged
root@ts01:~# '''sudo virsh net-define /dev/stdin <<EOF'''
'''<network>'''
'''<name>br0</name>'''
'''<forward mode="bridge"/>'''
'''<bridge name="br0"/>'''
'''</network>'''
'''EOF'''

*Start
root@ts01:~# '''virsh net-start br0'''
virsh net-autostart br0
Network br0 started

Network br0 marked as autostarted

*Shutdown running VM
root@ts01:~# '''virsh shutdown debian13'''
Domain 'debian13' is being shutdown

*Edit
'''virsh edit debian'''

*Change:
<interface type='network'>
<source network='default'/>

*To:

<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
</interface>

Domain 'debian13' XML configuration edited.

==Advanced - Converting virtual disks==
===Converting a VHDX Windows Disk===

*Inspect the disk:
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img info /home/vmadmin/vm-surf01.vhdx'''
image: /home/vmadmin/vm-surf01.vhdx
file format: vhdx
virtual size: 127 GiB (136365211648 bytes)
disk size: 41 GiB
cluster_size: 33554432
Child node '/file':
filename: /home/vmadmin/vm-surf01.vhdx
protocol type: file
file length: 41 GiB (43994054656 bytes)
disk size: 41 GiB

*Get the disk ready for KVM
root@ts01:~# '''cp /home/admin/debian-13.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso /var/lib/libvirt/images'''
root@ts01:~# '''chmod 666 /var/lib/libvirt/images/debian-13.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso'''
root@ts01:~# '''chmod 777 /var/lib/libvirt/images'''

*Convert the disk
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img convert -p -f vhdx -O qcow2 \'''
'''/home/vmadmin/vm-surf01.vhdx \'''
'''/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-surf01.qcow2'''
(100.00/100%)

*Inspect the converting results
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-surf01.qcow2'''
image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-surf01.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 127 GiB (136365211648 bytes)
disk size: 37.6 GiB
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: false
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
extended l2: false
Child node '/file':
filename: /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-surf01.qcow2
protocol type: file
file length: 37.6 GiB (40399208448 bytes)
disk size: 37.6 GiB

===Converting a VMDK VMWare Disk===
*Inspect
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/ qemu-img info 'Windows 8.x x64.vmdk' '''
image: Windows 8.x x64.vmdk
file format: vmdk
virtual size: 100 GiB (107374182400 bytes)
disk size: 16.7 GiB
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
cid: 2432867383
parent cid: 4294967295
create type: monolithicSparse
extents:
[0]:
virtual size: 107374182400
filename: Windows 8.x x64.vmdk
cluster size: 65536
format:
Child node '/file':
filename: Windows 8.x x64.vmdk
protocol type: file
file length: 16.7 GiB (17974165504 bytes)
disk size: 16.7 GiB

*Convert
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img convert -f vmdk -O qcow2 'Windows 8.x x64.vmdk' win8.qcow2'''

==VM Installation==

===Installation Debian from ISO===
*VM Installer01
[[image:KVMInstall03.png|800px]]

*VM Installer02
[[image:KVMInstall04.png|800px]]

*VM Installer05
[[image:KVMInstall05a.png|800px]]

*VM Installer06
[[image:KVMInstall06b.png|800px]]

*VM Installer07
[[image:KVMInstall07.png|800px]]

*VM Installer08
[[image:KVMInstall08.png|800px]]

*VM Installer09
[[image:KVMInstall09.png|800px]]

*VM Installer10
[[image:KVMInstall10a.png|800px]]

*VM Installer11
[[image:KVMInstall11.png|800px]]

*VM Installer12
[[image:KVMInstall12.png|800px]]

===Installation Win10 VM (former vhdx file)===

*Install01
[[image:wininst01a.png|600px]]

*Install02
[[image:wininst02.png|600px]]

*Install03
[[image:wininst03.png|600px]]

*Install04
[[image:wininst04a.png|600px]]

*Win10 in running state
[[image:Windows10afterclone.png|800px]]

===Installation Win11 VM (from iso, no registration)===

*Install Windows 11 but without network
[[image:Win11-no-network.png|600px]]

* When asked for network connectivity then press '''Shift + F10'''
*Then type:
OOBE\BYPASSNRO

*After finishing the setup, shutdown
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh shutdown win11

*It is required to install the network driver, but first detach the current iso image:
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh detach-disk win11 sdb --config
Disk detached successfully

*Attach the network interface
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh attach-interface \
--domain win11 \
--type bridge \
--source br0 \
--model virtio \
--config
Interface attached successfully

*Check:
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh domiflist win11
Interface Type Source Model MAC
-----------------------------------------------------------
- bridge br0 virtio 52:54:00:16:25:ee

*Download driver disk:
cd /var/lib/libvirt/images
wget https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/latest-virtio/virtio-win.iso

*Attach driver disk:
virsh attach-disk win11 \
/var/lib/libvirt/images/virtio-win.iso \
sdb \
--type cdrom \
--mode readonly \
--targetbus sata \
--config

*Start VM
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh start win11
Domain 'win11' started

*From Device Manager, Install missing Driver from the new disk: NetKVM\w10\amd64
[[image:Win11-install02.png|480px]]
 
*Install
[[image:Win11-install03.png|480px]]

*Stop VM
*Detach Helper Disk
root@ts01:/data/iso# virsh detach-disk win11 sdb --config
Disk detached successfully
*Finished

==USB Operations==

===Attach a USB Stick to the VM===
*Get attached devices
**Note: We're after '''ID 0781:5591 SanDisk Corp.'''

root@ts01:~# '''lsusb'''
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:800a Intel Corp. Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 3938:1032 MOSART Semi. 2.4G RF Keyboard & Mouse
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04b3:3025 IBM Corp. NetVista Full Width Keyboard
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 17aa:1034 VIA Labs, Inc. USB Hub
Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller
Bus 002 Device 006: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 17aa:1034 VIA Labs, Inc. USB Hub
'''Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0781:5591 SanDisk Corp. Ultra Flair'''
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 8087:8002 Intel Corp. 8 channel internal hub

*Attach SanDisk to win10
root@ts01:~# '''virsh attach-device win10 --file <(cat <<EOF'''
'''<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='usb'>'''
'''<source>'''
'''<vendor id='0x0781'/>'''
'''<product id='0x5591'/>'''
'''</source>'''
'''</hostdev>'''
'''EOF'''
''') --persistent'''
Device attached successfully

*Optional dump message to investigate the current settings
root@ts01:~# '''virsh dumpxml win10 | grep -A10 hostdev'''
''' <hostdev mode='subsystem' type='usb' managed='no'>'''
'''<source>'''
'''<vendor id='0x0781'/>'''
'''<product id='0x5591'/>'''
'''</source>'''
'''<address type='usb' bus='0' port='4'/>'''
....

*Shutdown Win10
root@ts01:~# '''virsh shutdown win10'''
Domain 'win10' is being shutdown

*Start back win10
root@ts01:~# '''virsh start win10'''
Domain 'win10' started

*Get Status
root@ts01:~# virsh list --all
Id Name State
---------------------------
3 win10 running
- debian13 shut off

*Attached USB Stick to Win10
[[image:Winusbb.png|800px]]

===Detach a USB Stick from the VM===

*Detach device
root@ts01:~# '''virsh detach-device win10 --file <(cat <<EOF'''
'''<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='usb'>'''
'''<source>'''
'''<vendor id='0x0781'/>'''
'''<product id='0x5591'/>'''
'''</source>'''
'''</hostdev>'''
'''EOF'''
''') --persistent'''
Device detached successfully

===Attach a USB Scanner to the VM===

*Pick the device
root@ts01:~# ''lsusb''''
Bus 002 Device 008: ID 04a9:190f Canon, Inc. CanoScan LiDE 220

*Edit the vm setting, assume the vm is called win10
root@ts01:~# virsh edit win10
Add the usb port between the xml devices element element, like:
<devices>
...
...
</devices>

*Add and save:
<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='usb' managed='yes'>
<source>
<vendor id='0x04a9'/>
<product id='0x190f'/>
</source>
</hostdev>

*Alternative edit the usb port using Virt-manager on x 
[[image:Virt-manager-usb.png|600px]]

==Basic admin commands==
===Cloning a machine===
'''Cloning win10 to win10a'''
*Shutdown Main
root@ts01:~# '''virsh shutdown win10'''
Domain 'win10' is being shutdown

root@ts01:~# virsh list --all
Id Name State
---------------------------
3 win10 running
- debian13 shut off

*Clone

*Clone Process
[[image:Clonevm.png|800px]]

root@ts01:~# '''virt-clone \'''
'''--original win10 \'''
'''--name win10a \'''
'''--auto-clone'''
Allocating 'vm-surf01-clone.qcow2' | 127 GB 00:02:21

Clone 'win10a' created successfully.

===Snapshots===
*Create a snapshort
root@ts01:~# '''virsh snapshot-create win10a'''
Domain snapshot 1770483334 created
root@ts01:~# virsh snapshot-list win10a
Name Creation Time State
---------------------------------------------------
1770483334 2026-02-07 17:55:34 +0100 running

*Revert snapshort
root@ts01:~# '''virsh snapshot-revert win10a 1770483334'''
Domain snapshot 1770483334 reverted

===Hibernate===
*Hibernate with '''managedsave'''
root@ts01:~# '''virsh managedsave win10a'''

Domain 'win10a' state saved by libvirt

*List
root@ts01:~# '''virsh list --all'''
Id Name State
---------------------------
3 win10 running
4 debian13 running
- win10a shut off

*Start back
root@ts01:~# '''virsh start win10a'''
Domain 'win10a' started

===Reboot behaviour===
*Set the following in '''/etc/defaultlib/virt-guests''' to allow a manged reboot of the vm's, means that previous running vm's are automatically started again after reboot

# What to do when the host shuts down
ON_SHUTDOWN=suspend

# What to do when the host boots up
ON_BOOT=start

# Number of seconds to wait for a guest to shut down/suspend
SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT=300



===Backup/Restore of the VM settings===
To Backup the VM settings only run:
virsh list --all
virsh dumpxml vmname > vmname.xml

*To Restore
virsh define vmname.xml

==Adding a new VM Storage==
===Partition the new storage===
root@ts01:~# parted /dev/nvme0n1
GNU Parted 3.6
Using /dev/nvme0n1
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/nvme0n1 will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? y
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
===Add Filesystem===
root@ts01:~# '''mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1'''
mke2fs 1.47.2 (1-Jan-2025)
/dev/nvme0n1p1 contains a ntfs file system labelled 'NVM'
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 500099328 4k blocks and 125026304 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 2382c329-2c7c-4a57-855d-aea09003dd30
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

===Mount Filesystem===
*Make and mount
root@ts01:~# mkdir /vmstorage
root@ts01:~# mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /vmstorage

*Check
root@ts01:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 6.1G 16M 6.1G 1% /run
/dev/sda2 915G 459G 411G 53% /
tmpfs 31G 0 31G 0% /dev/shm
efivarfs 256K 148K 104K 59% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
tmpfs 5.0M 12K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-resolved.service
/dev/sda1 1.1G 6.3M 1.1G 1% /boot/efi
tmpfs 31G 8.0K 31G 1% /tmp
tmpfs 6.1G 116K 6.1G 1% /run/user/60578
tmpfs 6.1G 108K 6.1G 1% /run/user/1000
'''/dev/nvme0n1p1 1.9T 2.1M 1.8T 1% /vmstorage'''
*Get UUID
root@ts01:~# blkid /dev/nvme0n1p1
/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="2382c329-2c7c-4a57-855d-aea09003dd30" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="f49249d9-50eb-45bd-aafc-701ef7d66f5b"
*Add to /etc/fstab
UUID=2382c329-2c7c-4a57-855d-aea09003dd30 /vmstorage ext4 defaults 0 2
*Reboot to test!

===Create a new Pool and apply new VMs===
*List current pool
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-list --all'''
Name State Autostart
---------------------------------
default active yes

*Create a new pool using the new vmstorage
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-define-as nvme-pool dir --target /vmstorage'''
Pool nvme-pool defined
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-build nvme-pool'''
Pool nvme-pool built
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-start nvme-pool'''
Pool nvme-pool started
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-autostart nvme-pool'''
Pool nvme-pool marked as autostarted

*List current pool
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-list --all'''
Name State Autostart
---------------------------------
default active yes
nvme-pool active yes

*Move the VM to another disk
root@ts01:~# mv /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-win10a.qcow2 /vmstorage/vm-win10.qcow2

*Edit the vm settings
root@ts01:~# virsh edit win10a

*Then:
**set source file to:
**/vmstorage/vm-win10.qcow2

*And save
Domain 'win10a' XML configuration edited.

*To delete the pool use:
virsh pool-destroy nvme-pool
virsh pool-undefine nvme-pool

==Deploy a new VM via CLI==
*Requires (template copy):
**/data/vmstorage/vm-bookworm.qcow2
This will setup a new VM with:
*Name: vm-bookworm
*OS Debian 13 (Trixy)
*Disk: /data/vmstorage/vm-bookworm.qcow2
*2CPU/2GB-RAM
*Network Bridged

root@ts01:/data/vmstorage# '''virt-install''' \
--name vm-bookworm \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2 \
--cpu host-passthrough \
--os-variant debian12 \
--disk path=/data/vmstorage/vm-bookworm.qcow2,bus=virtio,discard=unmap \
--network bridge=br0,model=virtio \
--graphics spice,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--channel spicevmc \
--autoconsole none \
--import

Starting install...
Creating domain... | 00:00:00
Domain creation completed.

==Useful Commands==
*Nmap accross the network to obtain new IP addresses from new vm machines
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''nmap -sn 192.168.2.0/24'''

*Add a description for a VM
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''virsh desc vmname "My Description ..." --config'''
Domain description updated successfully
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''virsh desc vmname'''
My Description ...

* Alternative description with carriage returns within the text
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''virsh desc vmname --config --new-desc $'Line 1: Text123\nLine 2: Text456\nLine 3: Text789''''
Domain description updated successfully
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''virsh desc vmname'''
Line 1: Text123
Line 2: Text456
Line 3: Text789

*Virtual Top
root@ts01:/# '''virt-top'''
virt-top 21:20:58 - x86_64 24/24CPU 1200MHz 61890MB
6 domains, 1 active, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 5 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0
CPU: 0.1% Mem: 2048 MB (2048 MB by guests)

ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM TIME NAME
10 R 0 2 1396 206 0.1 3.0 0:47.07 vm-bookworm

*Configure Autostart

virsh autostart win11

virsh dominfo win11 | grep Autostart
Autostart: enable
Autostart Once: disable

File:Virt-manager-usb.png

2026-02-23T18:32:55Z

Admin:

PoC: KVM

2026-02-18T19:35:36Z

Admin:

'''The Motivation''' 
Running''' Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)''' on my local machine instead of
* Microsoft Terminal Server / Remote Desktop
* VMWare
* Proxmox (for now)
Try to use the Linux on board utilities only

==Setup==
===System Information===
vmadmin@ts01:~$ '''sudo -i'''
root@ts01:~# cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 25.10"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="25.10"
VERSION="25.10 (Questing Quokka)"
VERSION_CODENAME=questing
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=questing
LOGO=ubuntu-logo

===Install and setup packages===
root@ts01:~# '''apt install -y '''
'''qemu-kvm \'''
'''libvirt-daemon-system \'''
'''libvirt-clients \'''
'''bridge-utils \'''
'''virt-manager \'''
'''cpu-checker'''

====Libvirt (Orchestrator)====
*Enable
root@ts01:~# '''systemctl enable --now libvirtd'''
*Status
root@ts01:~# '''systemctl status libvirtd'''
● libvirtd.service - libvirt legacy monolithic daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2026-02-04 19:32:47 CET; 52min ago
Invocation: de3b4269f9074f69aef468813b833a4b
TriggeredBy: ● libvirtd.socket
● libvirtd-admin.socket
● libvirtd-ro.socket
Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
https://libvirt.org/
Main PID: 26280 (libvirtd)
Tasks: 25 (limit: 32768)
Memory: 24.1M (peak: 51M)
CPU: 9.655s
CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
├─26280 /usr/sbin/libvirtd --timeout 120
├─26388 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/lib/libvirt/libvirt_leaseshelper
└─26389 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/lib/libvirt/libvirt_leaseshelper

Feb 04 20:03:14 ts01 dnsmasq-dhcp[26388]: DHCPDISCOVER(virbr0) 52:54:00:2a:f9:66
Feb 04 20:03:14 ts01 dnsmasq-dhcp[26388]: DHCPOFFER(virbr0) 192.168.122.128 52:54:00:2a:f9:66root@ts01:~# kvm-ok

====Virsh (Controler)====
*List
root@ts01:~# '''virsh list --all'''
virsh list --all
Id Name State
--------------------------
*Node Info
root@ts01:~# virsh nodeinfo
CPU model: x86_64
CPU(s): 24
CPU frequency: 1197 MHz
CPU socket(s): 1
Core(s) per socket: 12
Thread(s) per core: 2
NUMA cell(s): 1
Memory size: 63375964 KiB
*Net List
root@ts01:~# virsh net-list --all
Name State Autostart Persistent
--------------------------------------------
default active yes yes

*Set Start
root@ts01:~# '''virsh net-start default'''
root@ts01:~# '''virsh net-autostart default'''

*Prepare for the first Debian Image
root@ts01:~# '''cp /home/admin/debian-13.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso /var/lib/libvirt/images'''
root@ts01:~# '''chmod 666 /var/lib/libvirt/images/debian-13.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso'''
root@ts01:~# #Do this only on a sandbox
root@ts01:~# '''chmod 777 /var/lib/libvirt/images'''

===Prepare KVM User===
*User admin:
vmadmin@ts01:~$ '''usermod -aG libvirt,kvm $USER'''
vmadmin@ts01:~$ '''sudo usermod -aG libvirt,kvm $USER'''
vmadmin@ts01:~$ '''less /etc/groups'''

*Optional start user admin in xrdp:
virt-manager

===Advanced - Bridging===

*advanced, make the vm bridged
root@ts01:~# '''sudo virsh net-define /dev/stdin <<EOF'''
'''<network>'''
'''<name>br0</name>'''
'''<forward mode="bridge"/>'''
'''<bridge name="br0"/>'''
'''</network>'''
'''EOF'''

*Start
root@ts01:~# '''virsh net-start br0'''
virsh net-autostart br0
Network br0 started

Network br0 marked as autostarted

*Shutdown running VM
root@ts01:~# '''virsh shutdown debian13'''
Domain 'debian13' is being shutdown

*Edit
'''virsh edit debian'''

*Change:
<interface type='network'>
<source network='default'/>

*To:

<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
</interface>

Domain 'debian13' XML configuration edited.

==Advanced - Converting virtual disks==
===Converting a VHDX Windows Disk===

*Inspect the disk:
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img info /home/vmadmin/vm-surf01.vhdx'''
image: /home/vmadmin/vm-surf01.vhdx
file format: vhdx
virtual size: 127 GiB (136365211648 bytes)
disk size: 41 GiB
cluster_size: 33554432
Child node '/file':
filename: /home/vmadmin/vm-surf01.vhdx
protocol type: file
file length: 41 GiB (43994054656 bytes)
disk size: 41 GiB

*Get the disk ready for KVM
root@ts01:~# '''cp /home/admin/debian-13.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso /var/lib/libvirt/images'''
root@ts01:~# '''chmod 666 /var/lib/libvirt/images/debian-13.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso'''
root@ts01:~# '''chmod 777 /var/lib/libvirt/images'''

*Convert the disk
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img convert -p -f vhdx -O qcow2 \'''
'''/home/vmadmin/vm-surf01.vhdx \'''
'''/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-surf01.qcow2'''
(100.00/100%)

*Inspect the converting results
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-surf01.qcow2'''
image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-surf01.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 127 GiB (136365211648 bytes)
disk size: 37.6 GiB
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: false
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
extended l2: false
Child node '/file':
filename: /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-surf01.qcow2
protocol type: file
file length: 37.6 GiB (40399208448 bytes)
disk size: 37.6 GiB

===Converting a VMDK VMWare Disk===
*Inspect
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/ qemu-img info 'Windows 8.x x64.vmdk' '''
image: Windows 8.x x64.vmdk
file format: vmdk
virtual size: 100 GiB (107374182400 bytes)
disk size: 16.7 GiB
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
cid: 2432867383
parent cid: 4294967295
create type: monolithicSparse
extents:
[0]:
virtual size: 107374182400
filename: Windows 8.x x64.vmdk
cluster size: 65536
format:
Child node '/file':
filename: Windows 8.x x64.vmdk
protocol type: file
file length: 16.7 GiB (17974165504 bytes)
disk size: 16.7 GiB

*Convert
root@ts01:~# '''qemu-img convert -f vmdk -O qcow2 'Windows 8.x x64.vmdk' win8.qcow2'''

==VM Installation==

===Installation Debian from ISO===
*VM Installer01
[[image:KVMInstall03.png|800px]]

*VM Installer02
[[image:KVMInstall04.png|800px]]

*VM Installer05
[[image:KVMInstall05a.png|800px]]

*VM Installer06
[[image:KVMInstall06b.png|800px]]

*VM Installer07
[[image:KVMInstall07.png|800px]]

*VM Installer08
[[image:KVMInstall08.png|800px]]

*VM Installer09
[[image:KVMInstall09.png|800px]]

*VM Installer10
[[image:KVMInstall10a.png|800px]]

*VM Installer11
[[image:KVMInstall11.png|800px]]

*VM Installer12
[[image:KVMInstall12.png|800px]]

===Installation Win10 VM (former vhdx file)===

*Install01
[[image:wininst01a.png|600px]]

*Install02
[[image:wininst02.png|600px]]

*Install03
[[image:wininst03.png|600px]]

*Install04
[[image:wininst04a.png|600px]]

*Win10 in running state
[[image:Windows10afterclone.png|800px]]

===Installation Win11 VM (from iso, no registration)===

*Install Windows 11 but without network
[[image:Win11-no-network.png|600px]]

* When asked for network connectivity then press '''Shift + F10'''
*Then type:
OOBE\BYPASSNRO

*After finishing the setup, shutdown
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh shutdown win11

*It is required to install the network driver, but first detach the current iso image:
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh detach-disk win11 sdb --config
Disk detached successfully

*Attach the network interface
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh attach-interface \
--domain win11 \
--type bridge \
--source br0 \
--model virtio \
--config
Interface attached successfully

*Check:
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh domiflist win11
Interface Type Source Model MAC
-----------------------------------------------------------
- bridge br0 virtio 52:54:00:16:25:ee

*Download driver disk:
cd /var/lib/libvirt/images
wget https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/latest-virtio/virtio-win.iso

*Attach driver disk:
virsh attach-disk win11 \
/var/lib/libvirt/images/virtio-win.iso \
sdb \
--type cdrom \
--mode readonly \
--targetbus sata \
--config

*Start VM
root@ts01:/data/vmtemplate# virsh start win11
Domain 'win11' started

*From Device Manager, Install missing Driver from the new disk: NetKVM\w10\amd64
[[image:Win11-install02.png|480px]]
 
*Install
[[image:Win11-install03.png|480px]]

*Stop VM
*Detach Helper Disk
root@ts01:/data/iso# virsh detach-disk win11 sdb --config
Disk detached successfully
*Finished

==USB Operations==

===Attach a USB Stick to the VM===
*Get attached devices
**Note: We're after '''ID 0781:5591 SanDisk Corp.'''

root@ts01:~# '''lsusb'''
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:800a Intel Corp. Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 3938:1032 MOSART Semi. 2.4G RF Keyboard & Mouse
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 04b3:3025 IBM Corp. NetVista Full Width Keyboard
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 17aa:1034 VIA Labs, Inc. USB Hub
Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller
Bus 002 Device 006: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 17aa:1034 VIA Labs, Inc. USB Hub
'''Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0781:5591 SanDisk Corp. Ultra Flair'''
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 8087:8002 Intel Corp. 8 channel internal hub

*Attach SanDisk to win10
root@ts01:~# '''virsh attach-device win10 --file <(cat <<EOF'''
'''<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='usb'>'''
'''<source>'''
'''<vendor id='0x0781'/>'''
'''<product id='0x5591'/>'''
'''</source>'''
'''</hostdev>'''
'''EOF'''
''') --persistent'''
Device attached successfully

*Optional dump message to investigate the current settings
root@ts01:~# '''virsh dumpxml win10 | grep -A10 hostdev'''
''' <hostdev mode='subsystem' type='usb' managed='no'>'''
'''<source>'''
'''<vendor id='0x0781'/>'''
'''<product id='0x5591'/>'''
'''</source>'''
'''<address type='usb' bus='0' port='4'/>'''
....

*Shutdown Win10
root@ts01:~# '''virsh shutdown win10'''
Domain 'win10' is being shutdown

*Start back win10
root@ts01:~# '''virsh start win10'''
Domain 'win10' started

*Get Status
root@ts01:~# virsh list --all
Id Name State
---------------------------
3 win10 running
- debian13 shut off

*Attached USB Stick to Win10
[[image:Winusbb.png|800px]]

===Detach a USB Stick from the VM===

*Detach device
root@ts01:~# '''virsh detach-device win10 --file <(cat <<EOF'''
'''<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='usb'>'''
'''<source>'''
'''<vendor id='0x0781'/>'''
'''<product id='0x5591'/>'''
'''</source>'''
'''</hostdev>'''
'''EOF'''
''') --persistent'''
Device detached successfully

==Basic admin commands==
===Cloning a machine===
'''Cloning win10 to win10a'''
*Shutdown Main
root@ts01:~# '''virsh shutdown win10'''
Domain 'win10' is being shutdown

root@ts01:~# virsh list --all
Id Name State
---------------------------
3 win10 running
- debian13 shut off

*Clone

*Clone Process
[[image:Clonevm.png|800px]]

root@ts01:~# '''virt-clone \'''
'''--original win10 \'''
'''--name win10a \'''
'''--auto-clone'''
Allocating 'vm-surf01-clone.qcow2' | 127 GB 00:02:21

Clone 'win10a' created successfully.

===Snapshots===
*Create a snapshort
root@ts01:~# '''virsh snapshot-create win10a'''
Domain snapshot 1770483334 created
root@ts01:~# virsh snapshot-list win10a
Name Creation Time State
---------------------------------------------------
1770483334 2026-02-07 17:55:34 +0100 running

*Revert snapshort
root@ts01:~# '''virsh snapshot-revert win10a 1770483334'''
Domain snapshot 1770483334 reverted

===Hibernate===
*Hibernate with '''managedsave'''
root@ts01:~# '''virsh managedsave win10a'''

Domain 'win10a' state saved by libvirt

*List
root@ts01:~# '''virsh list --all'''
Id Name State
---------------------------
3 win10 running
4 debian13 running
- win10a shut off

*Start back
root@ts01:~# '''virsh start win10a'''
Domain 'win10a' started

===Reboot behaviour===
*Set the following in '''/etc/defaultlib/virt-guests''' to allow a manged reboot of the vm's, means that previous running vm's are automatically started again after reboot

# What to do when the host shuts down
ON_SHUTDOWN=suspend

# What to do when the host boots up
ON_BOOT=start

# Number of seconds to wait for a guest to shut down/suspend
SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT=300



===Backup/Restore of the VM settings===
To Backup the VM settings only run:
virsh list --all
virsh dumpxml vmname > vmname.xml

*To Restore
virsh define vmname.xml

==Adding a new VM Storage==
===Partition the new storage===
root@ts01:~# parted /dev/nvme0n1
GNU Parted 3.6
Using /dev/nvme0n1
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/nvme0n1 will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? y
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
===Add Filesystem===
root@ts01:~# '''mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1'''
mke2fs 1.47.2 (1-Jan-2025)
/dev/nvme0n1p1 contains a ntfs file system labelled 'NVM'
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 500099328 4k blocks and 125026304 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 2382c329-2c7c-4a57-855d-aea09003dd30
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

===Mount Filesystem===
*Make and mount
root@ts01:~# mkdir /vmstorage
root@ts01:~# mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /vmstorage

*Check
root@ts01:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 6.1G 16M 6.1G 1% /run
/dev/sda2 915G 459G 411G 53% /
tmpfs 31G 0 31G 0% /dev/shm
efivarfs 256K 148K 104K 59% /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
tmpfs 5.0M 12K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service
tmpfs 1.0M 0 1.0M 0% /run/credentials/systemd-resolved.service
/dev/sda1 1.1G 6.3M 1.1G 1% /boot/efi
tmpfs 31G 8.0K 31G 1% /tmp
tmpfs 6.1G 116K 6.1G 1% /run/user/60578
tmpfs 6.1G 108K 6.1G 1% /run/user/1000
'''/dev/nvme0n1p1 1.9T 2.1M 1.8T 1% /vmstorage'''
*Get UUID
root@ts01:~# blkid /dev/nvme0n1p1
/dev/nvme0n1p1: UUID="2382c329-2c7c-4a57-855d-aea09003dd30" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="f49249d9-50eb-45bd-aafc-701ef7d66f5b"
*Add to /etc/fstab
UUID=2382c329-2c7c-4a57-855d-aea09003dd30 /vmstorage ext4 defaults 0 2
*Reboot to test!

===Create a new Pool and apply new VMs===
*List current pool
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-list --all'''
Name State Autostart
---------------------------------
default active yes

*Create a new pool using the new vmstorage
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-define-as nvme-pool dir --target /vmstorage'''
Pool nvme-pool defined
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-build nvme-pool'''
Pool nvme-pool built
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-start nvme-pool'''
Pool nvme-pool started
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-autostart nvme-pool'''
Pool nvme-pool marked as autostarted

*List current pool
root@ts01:~# '''virsh pool-list --all'''
Name State Autostart
---------------------------------
default active yes
nvme-pool active yes

*Move the VM to another disk
root@ts01:~# mv /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-win10a.qcow2 /vmstorage/vm-win10.qcow2

*Edit the vm settings
root@ts01:~# virsh edit win10a

*Then:
**set source file to:
**/vmstorage/vm-win10.qcow2

*And save
Domain 'win10a' XML configuration edited.

*To delete the pool use:
virsh pool-destroy nvme-pool
virsh pool-undefine nvme-pool

==Deploy a new VM via CLI==
*Requires (template copy):
**/data/vmstorage/vm-bookworm.qcow2
This will setup a new VM with:
*Name: vm-bookworm
*OS Debian 13 (Trixy)
*Disk: /data/vmstorage/vm-bookworm.qcow2
*2CPU/2GB-RAM
*Network Bridged

root@ts01:/data/vmstorage# '''virt-install''' \
--name vm-bookworm \
--memory 2048 \
--vcpus 2 \
--cpu host-passthrough \
--os-variant debian12 \
--disk path=/data/vmstorage/vm-bookworm.qcow2,bus=virtio,discard=unmap \
--network bridge=br0,model=virtio \
--graphics spice,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--channel spicevmc \
--autoconsole none \
--import

Starting install...
Creating domain... | 00:00:00
Domain creation completed.

==Useful Commands==
*Nmap accross the network to obtain new IP addresses from new vm machines
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''nmap -sn 192.168.2.0/24'''

*Add a description for a VM
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''virsh desc vmname "My Description ..." --config'''
Domain description updated successfully
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''virsh desc vmname'''
My Description ...

* Alternative description with carriage returns within the text
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''virsh desc vmname --config --new-desc $'Line 1: Text123\nLine 2: Text456\nLine 3: Text789''''
Domain description updated successfully
root@ts01:/var/lib/libvirt/images# '''virsh desc vmname'''
Line 1: Text123
Line 2: Text456
Line 3: Text789

*Virtual Top
root@ts01:/# '''virt-top'''
virt-top 21:20:58 - x86_64 24/24CPU 1200MHz 61890MB
6 domains, 1 active, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 5 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0
CPU: 0.1% Mem: 2048 MB (2048 MB by guests)

ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM TIME NAME
10 R 0 2 1396 206 0.1 3.0 0:47.07 vm-bookworm

File:Win11-no-network.png

2026-02-18T19:35:05Z

Admin:

File:Win11-install01.png

2026-02-18T19:34:47Z

Admin:

File:Win11-install02.png

2026-02-18T19:34:35Z

Admin:

File:Win11-install03.png

2026-02-18T19:34:24Z

Admin: